However, spatial inequality continues to be a serious problem in the region. On the one hand, it deepens aggregate inequality and, on the other, it exacerbates what the bibliography calls the “neighborhood effect”24, reinforcing the mobile phone number list concentration of disadvantages. In fact, Ana María Barufi and Eduardo Haddad, concerned about the relationship between urban wage inequality and segregation in Brazilian cities, show a strong positive correlation between wages and physical proximity to workplaces: that is, the better salaries greater physical proximity to workplaces25.
In addition, Given that in mobile phone number list most cities in Brazil, formal jobs are disproportionately concentrated in central areas and poor informal neighborhoods are concentrated in the outskirts of cities (…) many low-income people work in low-paid informal jobs, which are normally they are scattered throughout the city (…).
The shorter commutes of high-income workers, in turn, likely reflect the fact that they can afford housing in areas with better access to mobile phone number list formal jobs.26 According to studies by international organizations –which are the ones that provide comparable information on a global scale–, the factor that explains inequality in the region is the excessive concentration of income in the sector of the population with the highest income.27: the richest 10% of the population earns 22 times more than the poorest 10% and the richest 1% owns 21% of the income of the entire economy28. Another expression of income inequality, in addition to social polarization, is residential polarization.